Resumo O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes cores de aquários no desempenho e sobrevivência das larvas do bagre Lophiosilurus alexandri , bem como sobre a capacidade visual do tratador. As larvas foram colocadas em estocadas em 5 L-aquários na densidade de 7 larvas L-1, e aquários apresentaram cores diferentes e foram distribuídos a seguir: verde e azul (cores claras); marrom e preto (cores escuras). O desempenho final; a sobrevivência, comprimento total e padrão, peso e biomassa das larvas foram semelhantes entre os aquários coloridos. A maior mortalidade ocorreu durante os primeiros dias após a incubação, em declínio ao longo do período, quando se observa o desenvolvimento larval, indicando que os cuidados devem ser redobrados nos primeiros dias. Durante o manejo de limpeza, a captura acidental de larvas foi maior nos aquários pretos. Nos primeiros dias de vida, devido à fragilidade das larvas, é possível verificar que entre o segundo e o terceiro dia ocorrem as maiores mortalidades. O número de larvas capturadas acidentalmente foi menor do que a mortalidade, sugerindo que a alta mortalidade na vida larval não é influenciada pelo manejo do manipulador. As larvas de bagre L. alexandri devem ser cultivadas em aquários que permitem um bom contraste entre as larvas e o fundo, para evitar a captura acidental de larvas pelo manipulador. Sugere-se que evite o uso de aquários escuros e pretos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different colors in development and survival of catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae, as well as over the visual ability of the handler. Larvae were placed in 5 L-aquariums at a density of 7 larvae L-1 , and aquariums had different colors, and were: green and blue (light colors); brown and black (dark colors). The final development; survival, total and standard length, weight and biomass of the larvae were similar in all colored aquaria. The highest mortality occurred during the first days after hatching, declining over the period, when it is observed the larval development, indicating that care should be necessary in the first few days. During cleaning handling, the accidental catch of larvae was higher in black aquariums. In the first days of life, due to the fragility of the larvae, it is possible to verify that between the second and third day occur the greatest mortalities. The number of accidentally captured larvae was lower than the mortality, suggesting that the high mortality in early larval life is not influenced by the handler management. The catfish L. alexandri larvae should be cultivated in aquariums that allow a good contrast between the larvae and the background, to avoid accidental capture of larvae by the handler. It is suggested to avoid the use of dark and black aquariums.

This study aimed to analyze the agreement between measurements of unloaded oxygen uptake and peak oxygen uptake based on equations proposed by Wasserman and on real measurements directly obtained with the ergospirometry system. We performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which was applied to two groups of sedentary male subjects: one apparently healthy group (HG, n=12) and the other had stable coronary artery disease (n=16). The mean age in the HG was 47±4 years and that in the coronary artery disease group (CG) was 57±8 years. Both groups performed CPET on a cycle ergometer with a ramp-type protocol at an intensity that was calculated according to the Wasserman equation. In the HG, there was no significant difference between measurements predicted by the formula and real measurements obtained in CPET in the unloaded condition. However, at peak effort, a significant difference was observed between oxygen uptake ( V ˙O2)peak(predicted) and V ˙O2peak(real) (nonparametric Wilcoxon test). In the CG, there was a significant difference of 116.26 mL/min between the predicted values by the formula and the real values obtained in the unloaded condition. A significant difference in peak effort was found, where V ˙O2peak(real) was 40% lower than V ˙O2peak(predicted) (nonparametric Wilcoxon test). There was no agreement between the real and predicted measurements as analyzed by Lin’s coefficient or the Bland and Altman model. The Wasserman formula does not appear to be appropriate for prediction of functional capacity of volunteers. Therefore, this formula cannot precisely predict the increase in power in incremental CPET on a cycle ergometer.

A oviposição e os níveis de predação de Speciomerus revoili foram quantificados em frutos e sementes da palmeira Acrocomia aculeata, coletados sob a árvore-mãe, no Parque Sarah Kubitschek, em Brasília, DF. Foi encontrado um máximo de 12 ovos por fruto, com grandes variações entre as amostras. Não foi encontrado um padrão muito claro na distribuição de ovos por fruto, talvez devido às condições artificiais da área de estudo, à ausência de dispersores e a uma plasticidade no comportamento de oviposição do inseto. O número de ovos por fruto não foi relacionado ao tamanho do fruto, mas à sua disponibilidade sob a árvore-mãe. Sugere-se que a densidade de ovos por fruto seja um ajuste entre a disponibilidade deste recurso e a quantidade de fêmeas na população do besouro. A taxa de mortalidade observada da fase de ovo até as larvas dos últimos estádios ficou acima de 75%. Cerca de 40% das sementes de Acrocomia aculeata foram predadas por Speciomerus revoili.

Oviposition and predation levels by Speciomerus revoili bruchid beetles were quantified on fruits and seeds of the macaúba palm, Acrocomia aculeata, collected from below mother-trees within the Sarah Kubitschek Park of Brasília, DF, Brazil. A maximum of 12 eggs per fruit were found, with high variations observed between samples. No clear pattern was found for the distribution of the number of eggs per fruit, perhaps due to the artificial conditions of the study area, the absence of dispersers and/or the plasticity in the oviposition behavior of the insect. The number of eggs per fruit was not related to fruit size, but was associated with their availability under the tree-mother. This suggests that the density of eggs per fruit is a balance between the availability of this resource and the number of females in the beetle population. The observed mortality rate, from the egg phase to the final larval stages, was over 75%. About 40% of the seeds of Acrocomia aculeata were predated by Speciomerus revoili.